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The next step for tobacco companies is an increased focus on cigarette alternatives such as electronic cigarettes, cigars and smokeless tobacco for sales growth

These include irritability, anxiety, cravings, restlessness, insomnia, and increased appetite

Similar dysbiotic changes are observed in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, where smoking impairs mucosal immunity, increases oxidative stress, and compromises barrier integrity, thereby enhancing susceptibility to chronic diseases

Manufacturers are required to meet strict safety standards and provide clear warnings about risks, especially regarding improper battery use and spare batteries